Knowledge
Knowledge grows through hypothesis and error correction.
Hypotheses and ideas for error correction originate in the mind. All humans possess minds capable of generating good ideas.
It's important to recognize that this knowledge is provisional, not final. It's better to view this knowledge as solutions to problems we face, rather than an accurate & final description of reality.
Suffering
There is suffering. Its causes are ignorance, greed & hatred.
Removing ignorance requires seeing things clearly as they are. One helpful way to do that better is the practice of mindfulness meditation.
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Removing greed & hatred requires all-encompassing love. One helpful way to grow that is the practice of loving-kindness meditation.
World
There is an underlying reality (Brahman in Sanskrit): pure existence (matter-stuff), consciousness (mind-stuff), limitless infinite. Sat-chit-anantam in Sanskrit (in the Upanishads). All multiplicity we see is an abstraction (Maya or Mithya in Sanskrit) layered on top of this underlying reality.
Knowledge growth / Problem solving is possible in this world because we are manifestations of that Reality - part existence/consciousness and can know ourselves.
Suffering exists in this world because abstractions (like body, mind etc) are taken literally by us.
Purpose
If someone subscribes to non-dual reality as the ontology of the world, then I'd argue their purpose in life becomes the removal of ignorance for oneself and others.
- Remove ignorance about the world. It's possible for us to do this through the methods of Science.
- Remove ignorance about oneself. It's possible for us to do this through the methods of Meditation.
- Doesn't encourage dogmatism. No knowledge is final as there is always ignorance. Emphasizes humility.
- Doesn't encourage egotism. You are the world reflected in a particular way. So is everything else. Encourages happiness, compassion, empathetic joy and equanimity for all.
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